Substance use or abuse, internet use, psychopathology and suicidal ideation in adolescents?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.811Keywords:
Suicide, Substances, Internet, Psychopathology, TeenagersAbstract
Substance and Internet use or abuse, psychopathology and suicidal ideation appear to be related. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between use of psychotropic substances, inadequate Internet use, suicidal ideation and other psychopathological symptoms within the adolescent population. The present study was carried out as part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) project, funded by the European Union. The sample is composed of 1026 adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years from 12 state schools in Asturias (530 men and 496 women). This study adds to the possibility of knowing whether the SEYLE data is confirmed in a relatively isolated and recession hit province of Spain. In the present study the following consumption rates were obtained: a) alcohol 11.89% in males and 7.86% in females; b) tobacco: 4.15% and 5.44 % in males and females respectively; c) other drugs: 6.98% in males and 4.44% in females; d) maladaptive or pathological Internet use: 14.53% and 20.77% in males and females respectively. The variables that predict suicide ideation in the logistic regression model were: previous suicide attempts, depression, maladaptive or pathological Internet use, peer problems and alcohol consumption.References
Aharonovich, E., Liu, X., Nunes, E. y Hasin, D. S. (2002). Suicide attempts in substance abusers: effects of major depression in relation to substance use disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1600-1602. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1600.
Al-Asadi, A. M., Klein, B. y Meyer, D. (2015). Multiple comorbidities of 21 psychological disorders and relationships with psychosocial variables: a study of the online assessment and diagnostic system within a web-based population. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17, e55. doi:10.2196/jmir.4143.
Albert, U., Rosso, G., Maina, G. y Bogetto, F. (2008). Impact of anxiety disorder comorbidity on quality of life in euthymic bipolar disorder patients: differences between bipolar I and II subtypes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105, 297-303. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.05.020.
Alvaro-Meca, A., Kneib, T., Gil-Prieto, R. y Gil de, M. A. (2013). Epidemiology of suicide in Spain, 1981-2008: a spatiotemporal analysis. Public Health, 127, 380-385. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.007.
Andreou, E. y Svoli, H. (2013). The association between internet user characteristics and dimensions of internet addiction among Greek adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 11, 139-148. doi:10.1007/s11469-012-9404-3.
APA, American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Edition). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Artenie, A. A., Bruneau, J., Roy, E., Zang, G., Lesperance, F., Renaud, J.,… Jutras-Aswad, D. (2015). Licit and illicit substance use among people who inject drugs and the association with subsequent suicidal attempt. Addiction, 110, 1636-1643. doi:10.1111/add.13030.
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R. y Ranieri, W. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588-597. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa670313.
Brezing, C., Derevensky, J. L. y Potenza, M. N. (2010). Non-substance-addictive behaviors in youth: pathological gambling and problematic Internet use. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19, 625-641. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.03.012.
Byrne, B. M., Stewart, S. M. y Lee, P. W. H. (2004). Validating the Beck depresión inventory-II for Hong Kong community adolescents. International Journal of Testing, 4, 199-216. doi:10.1207/s15327574ijt0403_1.
Carbonell, X. (2014). La adicción a los videojuegos en el DSM-5. Adicciones, 26, 91-95.
Carli, V., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Chiesa, F., Guffanti, G., Sarchiapone, M.,… Wasserman, D. (2014). A newly identified group of adolescents at “invisible” risk for psychopathology and suicidal behavior: findings from the SEYLE study. World Psychiatry, 13, 78-86. doi:10.1002/wps.20088.
Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Wasserman, D., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., Balazs, J.,… Hoven, C. W. (2013). The saving and empowering young lives in Europe (SEYLE) randomized controlled trial (RCT): methodological issues and participant characteristics. Bio Medical Central Public Health, 13, 479. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-479.
Collings, S. C., Fortune, S., Steers, D., Currey, N. y Hawton, K. (2011). Media influences on suicidal behaviour: An interview study of young people in New Zealand. Recuperado de http://www.tepou.co.nz/uploads/files/resource-assets/media-influences-on-suicidal-behaviour.pdf.
Daine, K., Hawton, K., Singaravelu, V., Stewart, A., Simkin, S. y Montgomery, P. (2013). The power of the web: a systematic review of studies of the influence of the internet on self-harm and suicide in young people. PLoS ONE 8(10): e77555. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077555. eCollection 2013.
Dalton, E. J., Cate-Carter, T. D., Mundo, E., Parikh, S. V. y Kennedy, J. L. (2003). Suicide risk in bipolar patients: the role of co-morbid substance use disorders. Bipolar Disorders, 5, 58-61.
Durkee, T., Carli, V., Floderus, B., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A.,… Wasserman, D. (2016). Pathological Internet Use and Risk-Behaviors among European Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13. doi:10.3390/ijerph13030294.
Durkee, T., Kaess, M., Carli, V., Parzer, P., Wasserman, C., Floderus, B.,… Wasserman, D. (2012). Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction, 107, 2210-2222. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x.
ESTUDES (2014). Encuesta sobre uso de drogas en enseñanzas secundarias en España (2014). Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Recuperado de http://www.pnsd.msssi.gob.es/profesionales/sistemasInformacion/sistemaInformacion/pdf/2016_ESTUDES_2014-2015.pdf.
Fernández-Villa, T., Alguacil, J., Almaraz, A., Cancela, J. M., Delgado-rodríguez, M., García-Martín, M.,… Martín, V. (2015). Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género. Adicciones, 27, 265-275. doi:10.20882/adicciones.27.4.
Fernández-Villa, T., Alguacil, J., Ayán, C., Bueno, A., Cancela, J. M., Capelo, R.,… Martín, V. (2013). UNIHCOS Project: dynamic cohort of Spanish college students to the study of drug and other addictions. Revista Española de Salud Pública, 87, 575-85. doi:10.4321/S1135-57272013000600003.
Fioravanti, G., Dettore, D. y Casale, S. (2012). Adolescent Internet addiction: testing the association between self-esteem, the perception of Internet attributes, and preference for online social interactions. Cyberpsychology, Behavavior and Social Networking, 15, 318-323. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0358.
Goldstein, R. Z. y Volkow, N. D. (2011). Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 12, 652-669. doi:10.1038/nrn3119,
Goodman, R., Meltzer, H. y Bailey, V. (2003). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. International Review of Psychiatry, 15, 173-177. doi:10.1080/0954026021000046137.
Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Weinstein, A. y Gorelick, D. A. (2010). Introduction to behavioral addictions. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 36, 233-241. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.491884.
Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction- Time to be taken seriously? Addiction Research and Theory, 8, 413-418. doi:10.3109/16066350009005587.
Gundogar, A., Bakim, B., Ozer, O. A. y Karamustafalioglu, O. (2012). P-32- The association between internet addiction, depression and ADHD among high school students. European Psychiary, 27. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)74199-8.
Hakala, P. T., Rimpela, A. H., Saarni, L. A. y Salminen, J. J. (2006). Frequent computer-related activities increase the risk of neck-shoulder and low back pain in adolescents. European Journal of Public Health, 16, 536-541. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ck1025.
Hawton, K., Sutton, L., Haw, C., Sinclair, J. y Harriss, L. (2005). Suicide and attempted suicide in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of risk factors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 693-704.
Hernández-Serrano, O., Font-Mayolas, S. y Gras, M. E. (2015). Policonsumo de drogas y su relación con el contexto familiar y social en jóvenes universitarios. Adicciones, 27, 205-213. doi:10.20882/adicciones.27.3.
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) (2010). Contabilidad Regional de España. Base 2000. Producto Interior Bruto regional. Serie 2000-2009. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/prensa/np640.pdf.
Kaess, M., Durkee, T., Brunner, R., Carli, V., Parzer, P., Wasserman, C.,… Wasserman, D. (2014). Pathological Internet use among European adolescents: psychopathology and self-destructive behaviours. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, 1093-1102. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0562-7.
Kim, J. Y. (2012). The nonlinear association between Internet using time for non-educational purposes and adolescent health. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 45, 37-46. doi:10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.1.37.
Kim, N. R., Hwang, S. S., Choi, J. S., Kim, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Király, O.,… Choi, S. W. (2016). Characteristics and Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder among Adults Using Self-Reported DSM-5 Criteria. Psychiatry Investigation 13, 58-66. doi: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.1.58.
Kolves, K. y De Leo, D. (2016). Adolescent Suicide Rates Between 1990 and 2009: Analysis of Age Group 15-19 Years Worldwide. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58, 69-77. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.014.
Kormas, G., Critselis, E., Janikian, M., Kafetzis, D. y Tsitsika, A. (2011). Risk factors and psychosocial characteristics of potential problematic and problematic internet use among adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Bio Medical Central Public Health, 11, 595. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-595.
Lee, B. W. y Stapinski, L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 197-205. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001.
Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., De, L. D., de Wilde, E. J.,… Arensman, E. (2011). Psychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 20, 499-508. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0210-4.
Míguez, M. C. y Becoña, E. (2015). ¿El consumo de cigarrillos y alcohol se relaciona con el consumo de cánnabis y el juego problema en adolescentes españoles?. Adicciones, 27, 8-16. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.27.1.
Montag, C., Kirsch, P., Sauer, C., Markett, S. y Reuter, M. (2012). The role of the CHRNA4 gene in Internet addiction: a case-control study. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 6, 191-195. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31825ba7e7.
Motos, P., Cortés, M. T., Giménez, J. A. y Cadaveira, F. (2015). Predictores del consumo semanal de alcohol y sus consecuencias asociadas en universitarios consumidores intensivos de alcohol. Adicciones, 27, 119-131. doi:10.20882/adicciones.27.2.
O’Connor, R. C., Rasmussen, S. y Hawton, K. (2012). Distinguishing adolescents who think about self-harm from those who engage in self-harm. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200, 330-335. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.097808.
Oquendo, M. A., Currier, D., Liu, S. M., Hasin, D. S., Grant, B. F. y Blanco, C. (2010). Increased risk for suicidal behavior in comorbid bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71, 902-909. doi:10.4088/JCP.09m05198gry.
Paykel, E. S., Myers, J. K., Lindenthal, J. J. y Tanner, J. (1974). Suicidal feelings in the general population: a prevalence study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 460-469.
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J. y Rohde, L. A. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 942-948. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.6.942.
Potash, J. B., Kane, H. S., Chiu, Y. F., Simpson, S. G., MacKinnon, D. F., McInnis, M. G.,… DePaulo, J. R. (2000). Attempted suicide and alcoholism in bipolar disorder: clinical and familial relationships. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 2048-2050. doi:10.1176/appi.aip.157.12.2048.
Sasmaz, T., Oner, S., Kurt, A. O., Yapici, G., Yazici, A. E., Bugdayci, R.,… Sis, M. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors of Internet addiction in high school students. European Journal of Public Health, 24, 15-20. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt051.
Schlack, R., Mauz, E., Hebebrand, J. y Holling, H. (2014). Has the prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Germany increased between 2003-2006 and 2009-2012? Results of the KiGGS-study: first follow-up (KiGGS Wave 1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 57, 820-829. doi:10.1007/s00103-014-1983-7.
Schoevers, R. A., Deeg, D. J., Van, T. W. y Beekman, A. T. (2005). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: co-occurrence and longitudinal patterns in elderly patients. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 31-39. doi:10.1176/appi.ajqp.13.1.31.
Seybert, H. (2012). Internet use in households and by individuals in 2012. Recuperado de http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3433488/5585460/KSSF12050EN.PDF/39000dab-e2b7-49b2-bc4b-6aad0bf01279.
Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Jr., Khosla, U. M. y McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric features of individuals with problematic internet use. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, 267-272.
Sher, L. (2006). Risk and protective factors for suicide in patients with alcoholism. Scientific World Journal, 6, 1405-1411. doi:10.1100/tsw.2006.254.
Smahel, D., Blinka, L. y Ledabyl, O. (2008). Playing MMORPGs: connections between addiction and identifying with a character. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 715-718. doi:10.1089/cpb.2007.0210.
Topp, C. W., Ostergaard, S. D., Sondergaard, S. y Bech, P. (2015). The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84, 167-176. doi:10.1159/000376585.
Wasserman, C., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, D., Carli, V., Sarchiapone, M., Al-Halabi, S.,… Postuvan, V. (2012). Suicide prevention for youth--a mental health awareness program: lessons learned from the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) intervention study. Bio Medical Central Public Health, 12, 776. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-776.
Wasserman, D., Carli, V., Wasserman, C., Apter, A., Balazs, J., Bobes, J.,… Hoven, C. W. (2010). Saving and empowering young lives in Europe (SEYLE): a randomized controlled trial. Bio Medical Central Public Health, 10, 192. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-192.
Willcutt, E. G. (2012). The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics, 9, 490-499. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0135-8.
World Health Organization (2012). Prevención del suicidio: un imperativo global. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/es/.
World Health Organization (2015). Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/GSHS_Questionnaire_Core_2009_ Spanish.pdf?ua=1.
Yoo, H. J., Cho, S. C., Ha, J., Yune, S. K., Kim, S. J., Hwang, J.,… Lyoo, I. K. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms and internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 487-494. doi:10.1111/j.1441-1819.2004.01290.x.
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology Behavior, 1:237–244. doi: 10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237.
Young, K. S. (1999). Internet addiction: symptoms, evaluation and treatment. Innovations in clinical practice: a sourcebook. 17, 19-31. Recuperado de http://netaddiction.com/articles/symptoms.pdf.
Zboralski, K., Orzechowska, A., Talarowska, M., Darmosz, A., Janiak, A., Janiak, M.,… Galecki, P. (2009). The prevalence of computer and Internet addiction among pupils. Postepy Hig Med Dosw(Online.), 63, 8-12. Recuperado de http://www.phmd.pl/fulltxt.php?ICID=878550.
Zhou, Y., Lin, F. C., Du, Y. S., Qin, L. D., Zhao, Z. M., Xu, J. R.,… Lei, H. (2011). Gray matter abnormalities in Internet addiction: a voxel-based morphometry study. European Journal of Radiology, 79, 92-95. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.10.025.
